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Karl Ritter
Karl Ritter (June 5, 1883, Dörflas, Marktredwitz – July 31, 1968, Murnau am Staffelsee) was a German diplomat during the Third Reich and was convicted as a war criminal in the Ministries Trial. A member of the Nazi Party, he was ambassador to Brazil for two years, Special Envoy to the Munich Agreement, and a senior official in the Foreign Office during World War II.
==Career==
Ritter graduated with a degree in law in 1905. In 1907 he was appointed to the Bavarian Civil Service. In 1911 he transferred to the colonial office, and in 1918 to the economics office before settling in 1922 in the Foreign Office, where he headed the sections for economics and reparations and finally the section for trading politics, where he played a significant role in the 1930–31 project to establish a German-Austrian Customs Union, which however came to nothing because of French opposition.
After the Nazis came to power, in 1937–38, he was first envoy and then ambassador to Rio de Janeiro. In Rio, he was declared ''persona non grata'' for demanding the Brazilian government ban anti-Nazi propaganda.〔(O Brasil na Guerra – Cronologia ): "já que este último foi declarado persona non grata pelo Brasil (Ritter havia censurado o Governo brasileiro por permitir uma suposta campanha anti-nazista contra alemães residentes no país)".〕 He stated at his trial that he was forced to join the Nazi Party at this time.〔''Das Urteil im Wilhelmstrassen-Prozess: D. amtl. Wortlaut d. Entscheidung im Fall Nr 11 d. Nürnberger Militärtribunals gegen von Weizsäcker u. andere, mit abweichender Urteilsbegründung, Berichtigungsbeschlüssen, d. grundlegenden Gesetzesbestimmungen, e. Verz. d. Gerichtspersonen u. Zeugen u. Einführungen'', Ed. Robert M. W. Kempner and Carl Haensel with C. H. Tuerck, Schwäbisch Gmünd: Bürger, 1950, , p. 158 〕〔However, according to one history of the German Foreign Office, he was never a party member: Eckart Conze, Norbert Frei, Peter Hayes, and Moshe Zimmermann, ''Das Amt und die Vergangenheit. Deutsche Diplomaten im Dritten Reich und in der Bundesrepublik'', 2nd ed. Munich: Karl Blessing, 2010, ISBN 978-3-89667-430-2, ((p. 361 )) 〕 In 1938, he became chairman of Committee B of the International Commission for Cession of the Sudeten German Territory, during the preparations that led to the Munich Agreement.〔Hermann Graml, ''Europas Weg in den Krieg. Hitler und die Mächte 1939'', Quellen und Darstellungen zur Zeitgeschichte 29, Munich: Oldenbourg, 1990, ISBN 9783486551518, p. 113 〕
When World War II began, Ritter was responsible for overseeing the economic war, with the rank of ''Ambassador, Special Duty''.〔or "Ambassador for special assignments"—''zur besonderen Verfügung'': Yehuda Bauer, ''Jews for Sale?: Nazi-Jewish Negotiations, 1933–1945'', New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University, 1994, ISBN 9780300059137, (note 23, p. 277 ).〕〔Beginning on October 9, 1939, a month after the invasion of Poland: Conze, Frei, Hayes, and Zimmermann, (n.p. )〕 Until 1945, he was the liaison between the Ribbentrop Foreign Office and the OKW.〔Conze, Frei, Hayes, and Zimmermann, (n.p. )〕 Through Karl Schnurre, he worked on the 1939 negotiations with the Soviet Union that led to the economics part of the Nazi-Soviet non-aggression pact. One of his assistants in the Foreign Office was Fritz Kolbe, who beginning in 1943 smuggled classified documents from the Foreign Ministry-OKW correspondence to the American Legation in Bern, Switzerland, headed by Allen Dulles.〔Jefferson Adams, ''Historical Dictionary of German Intelligence'', Lanham, Maryland: Scarecrow, 2009, ISBN
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